For HMA pavements, the graded subgrade or the top granular base layer may be prepared with a primecoat if necessary. A primecoat is a sprayed application of a cutback or emulsion asphalt applied to the surface of untreated subgrade or base layers (Asphalt Institute, 2001 [2]). Primecoats have three purposes (Asphalt Institute, 2001 [2]):
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